Introduction to Medical Simulation
Course Description:
This entry-level medical simulation course focuses on understanding the integration of simulation technology into clinical education, patient safety, and research applications to include the teamwork and communication skills related to these applications.
Course objectives
At the conclusion of the course, students should be able to:
- Describe the fundamental concepts of utilizing simulation in education
- Identify opportunities to appropriately apply simulation into a curriculum
- Distinguish differences between different modalities of simulation
- Recommend simulation resources to meet instructional or research needs
- Discuss potential and actual impact of simulation resources in education
- Lead debriefing following medical team communication training
- Demonstrate an understanding of TeamSTEPPS skills and concepts
Prerequisites:
BIOL 101, BMME 160 or BMME 205, and BMME 150 or BMME 209, BMME 301, or equivalent courses, Permission of Instructor
Please Note: Many of the links below need to be accessed on campus or via campus VPN for download.
Week One: What is simulation?
Lioce L. (Ed.), Lopreiato J. (Founding Ed.), Downing D., Chang T.P., Robertson J.M., Anderson M., Diaz D.A., and Spain A.E. (Assoc. Eds.) and the Terminology and Concepts Working Group (2020), Healthcare Simulation Dictionary –Second Edition. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; September 2020. AHRQ Publication No. 20-0019. (Link)
Okuda Y, Bryson EO, DeMaria S Jr, Jacobson L, Quinones J, Shen B, Levine AI. The utility of simulation in medical education: what is the evidence? Mt Sinai J Med. 2009; 76(4): 330–343. doi: 10.1002/msj.20127 (Link)
Cook DA, Hatala R, Brydges R, Zendejas B, Szostek JH, Wang AT, Erwin PJ, Hamstra SJ. Technology-enhanced simulation for health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011 Sep 7;306(9):978-88. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1234. Review. (Link)
Pelley J. Deliberate Practice – A Primer. 2013. (Link)
Additional Reading:
Rosen KR. The history of medical simulation. J Crit Care. 2008 Jun;23(2):157-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.12.004. (Link)
Cooper JB, Taqueti VR. A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004 Oct;13 Suppl 1:i11-8. (Link)
Bloom’s Taxonomy summary (Link)
Week Two: Teamwork and communication
Duke / UNC TeamSTEPPS Video (Link)
Homework: TeamSTEPPS Master Trainer program (Link) — NOTE: The “teach back” is no longer available.
Week Three: Standardized patients
Additional Reading:
ASPE. Books and Reviews list (Link)
Week Four: Medical Equipment
Cardiac Dysrhythmia Heartbeat Dances (Link) based on work of John C. Grammar MD (Link)
Virtual Anesthesia Machine (Link)
Additional materials:
Arrhythmia Reference Guide (Link)
Pittman JAL, Sum Ping J, Mark JB. Arterial and Central Venous Pressure Monitoring. ?(Link)
Week Five: Medications Overview
ACLScertification.org – Free resources for codes and code drugs
Lafferty et al. Medications used in Tracheal Intubation. Medscape. Dec 15, 2014
Additional materials:
BioGears Engine (link)
Week Six: Medical Skills
Rafael Ortega, M.D., Abdel K. Mehio, M.D., Albert Woo, M.D., and Dina H. Hafez, B.A. Positive-Pressure Ventilation with a Face Mask and a Bag-Valve Device. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:e4July 26, 2007DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm071298
Christopher Kabrhel, M.D., Todd W. Thomsen, M.D., Gary S. Setnik, M.D., and Ron M. Walls, M.D. Orotracheal Intubation. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:e15April 26, 2007DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm063574
Geoffrey Lighthall, M.D., Ph.D., T. Kyle Harrison, M.D., and Larry F. Chu, M.D. Laryngeal Mask Airway in Medical Emergencies. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:e26November 14, 2013DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm0909669
Dana A.V. Braner, M.D., Susanna Lai, M.P.H., Scott Eman, B.S., and Ken Tegtmeyer, M.D. Central Venous Catheterization — Subclavian Vein. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:e26December 13, 2007DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm074357
Gardner AK, Abdelfattah K, Wiersch J, Ahmed RA, Willis RE. Embracing Errors in Simulation-Based Training: The Effect of Error Training on Retention and Transfer of Central Venous Catheter Skills. J Surg Educ. 2015 Sep 8. pii: S1931-7204(15)00207-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.08.002.
Rafael Ortega, M.D., Nahid Bhadelia, M.D., Osamede Obanor, B.S., Kyle Cyr, M.A., Priscilla Yu, B.A., Maureen McMahon, R.N., and Dahlia Gotzmann, B.S.N. Putting On and Removing Personal Protective Equipment. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:e16March 19, 2015DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm1412105
Additional materials:
Procedure videos hosted by the New England Journal of Medicine
Week Seven: Debriefing and Feedback
Chiu, M. (May 14, 2015) Simulation in Health Care: Debriefing in Healthcare Simulation Basic Skills. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.
Karlsen K, Anderson J. (2013) Introduction to Debriefing 2013. STABLEProgram
GACrawford (2011) Debriefing strategies and techniques for improved learning and process improvement.
SimuRealTV. (2010). 6 Examples of Managing Difficult Learners During Debriefing.
Additional materials:
Eppich WJ, Hunt EA, Duval-Arnould JM, Siddall VJ, Cheng A. Structuring Feedback and Debriefing to Achieve Mastery Learning Goals. Acad Med. 2015 Sep 11.
- Week Eight: Midterm Evaluation
Week Nine: Simulation Scripting
Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Simulation Academy. Simulation Development Template. Rev Feb 8, 2009 – SAEM_blank_template
UNC Standardized Patient Case Development Template – UNC_SP_blank_template
MedEdPORTAL – Resource for peer and non-peer reviewed simulation cases
thesimtech – Additional resources for case development
Week Ten: Simulation Implementation
Medical Simulation: Creating Your Own Silicone Suture Training Pad Video
Frederick HJ, Corvetto MA, Hobbs GW, Taekman J. The “Simulation Roulette” game. Simul Healthc. 2011 Aug;6(4):244-9. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e31820e0094.
Additional materials:
Morrow DS, Broder J. Cost-effective, Reusable, Leak-resistant Ultrasound-guided Vascular Access Trainer. J Emerg Med. 2015 Sep;49(3):313-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
Week Eleven: Simulator Operations (Adult)
Gaumard Hal, Noelle, & Victoria User Guides
iSimulate ALSi User Guide
Laerdal SimMan 3G User Guide
Week Twelve: Simulator Operations (Pediatrics)
Gaumard Pedi Hal User Guide
Laerdal SimJunior User Guide
Laerdal SimBaby User Guide
Laerdal SimNewB User Guide
Week Thirteen: Game Based Learning
Virtual Patient Simulations
DecisionSim Technology link – Case examined “Baseball Prodigy FINAL”
MedSims by MedScape/ WebMD
— Silverman GJ, van Vollenhoven RF. Improving Quality of Care for Patients with RA: A Patient Simulation Approach. Medscape Education Rheumatology (link)
— Jordan SC, Wiseman AC. Optimizing Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients CME. Medscape Education Nephrology (link)
— de Lemos JA, Toth PP. A Patient With Chest Discomfort and Dyspnea: How Would You Manage? CME. Medscape Education Cardiology (link)
USC Standard Patient (link)
Virtual Simulation
BreakAway Games “Rampart” link
Virtual Heroes “Zero Hour: America’s Medic” download
Resources that were previously introduced:
— University of Florida – Virtual Anesthesia Machine (Link)
— Virtual Heroes – BioGears Engine (link)
Additional materials:
Mehta N, Blevins D, Warters M. Simulation in Continuing Education: Improving Evidence-Based Decisions for Rheumatoid Arthritis Management. American College of Rheumatology/ ARHP Annual Meeting. Boston, MA, November 14-19 2014.